What is Strategy And Why Is It So Challenging For Organisations - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1783 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Level High school Did you like this example? What is strategy, and why is it so challenging for organisations? Introduction: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Strategyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s [A1]a one word but it have a whole language in it. Strategy can be describe in its best meaning that ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s the way of Art and Science of Planning And marshalling [A2]the resources for their most affective an offensive use to bring about a desired future. Strategy is the way through which an organization can move from one milestone to other in pursuit of the overall goals. Without Strategy a company can be like a person without its nervous system so if an Organization wants to move in a race with other companies they have to make solid strategies for their organization. The term Strategy is derived from the Greek à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“strategosà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  meaning a general set of man oeuvres carried out to overcome an enemy. Strategy mostly involves to Set goals determine the actions to achieve goals and mobilizing resources to execute the actions. The main them of strategy is how the end goal will be achiev ed through the mean (Resources). There three main components of any strategy (Petros DeSimone, 2010). 1) Diagnosis 2) Guiding Policy: That will define how to deal with those challenges 3) Action Plans: Its Designed to carry out the guiding policy Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What is Strategy And Why Is It So Challenging For Organisations?" essay for you Create order Diagnosis: This step is basic Component for any strategy planner though this the worker of an organization get able know which kind of challenge is this it will and it will explain whole scenario of challenge to the worker of an organization (Petros DeSimone, 2010). Guiding Policy: As a worker of an organization get Diagnosis of a challenge to its organization then a guiding policy will be needed which will define how to deal with that challenge which they are facing? Action plan: After Guiding policy the worker needs an Action Plans which is designed to carry out that guiding policy Beside these three basic components strategy involves two major processes which are 1) Formulating Strategy 2) Implementing Strategy (Petros DeSimone, 2010). Formulating strategy: This step basically depends upon the components of strategy. Formulation involves analyzing the environment or situation, making diagnosis and developing the guiding policy. Implementing Strategy: Implementation refers to the action plans taken to achieve goals which are established by the guiding policy. [A3] Why strategy is so challenging for organizations? To run a business or organization strategies are needed without that organization or a company canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t reach to our desired goal[A4]. Strategies are like a soul for organizations, because with time they have to face tough challenges and to complete those challenges strategies plays important role.[A5] With time to time the board of director change their strategies because of Competitor which are in market and need to un ique strategy through which they can produce the result in order to maintain the fruitful result in a reliability of specific organization (Goldhirsch, et, all, 2011). Here are some points which strategy makers thinks before making strategy and this indicates why Strategies are so challenging for an organizations Strategy Formulation and Implementation: Strategy formulation and implementation areseparate,[A6] distinguishable parts of the strategic management process of business. Logically, implementation follows formulation; one cannot implement something until that something exists (Donnelly, et, all, 2009). Without formulation and implementation the business cannot give the fruit which organization desires. Formulation and implementation is like a two legs of strategy which able to move it on their way Execution takes time: The successful implementation of strategy takes more time than its formulation. This can challenge managersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attention to execution detai ls. The longer time frame can also detract from managersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attention to strategic goals (Donnelly, et, all, 2009). Controls must be set to provide feedback and keep management abreast of external à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“shocksà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and changes. The process of execution must be dynamic and adaptive, responding to unanticipated events. This imperative challenges managers responsible for execution. Understanding uncertainties and risks: In business the board of director has to think on the answer of the question that: how did we get here?Answering this question is a more difficult for deciding what policies and actions will push future performance in the desired direction.And while moving in that direction the directors have to think about the risks and uncertainties in business and for limiting and low down effect of that risks they have to make best strategy because if that strategy fails on that risks their company will not able to stand in market as they were before (Jansen Janssen, 2010). Assessing and selecting among options: The goal is to select now, without perfect information, the strongest set of actions that will move the business towards its goals. Here it is important to consider not only the potential à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"bottom lineà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ benefits, but also the each of option under uncertain future conditions and the relative difficulty and time required for implementation (Jansen Janssen, 2010). Customer Retention: IF an organization doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have an effective business strategy for costumer they will lose the customers easily and for that organization needs Develop a program for following up on customers, and for staying in touch with repeat customers to make sure your products are working properly. Organization has tried to find new ways to help the customer with your product. When customers call in with problems, there needs to be an established and efficient customer service strategy in place to reduce customer stress (MandiÃÆ'„à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡, Basili, Har jumaa, Oivo Markkula, 2010, September). Customer follow-up procedures and efficient customer service programs are essential to customer retention and sales revenue. Clarity in Direction of Activities: Strategies focus on direction of activities by specifying what activities are to be undertaken for achieving organizational objectives (MandiÃÆ'„à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡, Basili, Harjumaa, Oivo Markkula, 2010, September). They make the organizational objectives more clear and specific. For example, a business organization may define its objective as profit earning or a non-business organization may define its objective as social objective. strategies will provide how profit objective can be sharply defined in terms of how much profits is to be earned and what resources Of how much profit is to be earned and what resources will be required for that. When objectives are spelled out in these terms, they provide clear direction to per-sons in the organization responsible for implementi ng various courses of action. Most people perform better if they know clearly what they are expected to do and where their organization is going (MandiÃÆ'„à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡, Basili, Harjumaa, Oivo Markkula, 2010, September). Organizational Management: Management of any organization is playing a pivotal role in order to maintain strategy and the business on the zenith. This is the management which makes all success possible, through assurance of team work. This is the management which make the company out from the peril and which safe the company from any difficult situation. The role of management is much more authentic and much more systematic which includes the system much provide the way to accomplished the given tasks by higher authorities. This is the reason through which staffs are organized and all works are managed (MandiÃÆ'„à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡, Basili, Harjumaa, Oivo Markkula, 2010, September). Feasibility Study: Feasibility study is most essential in order to maintain the work of the firm and for strategy planning. Through this feasibility process management of our firm must be active to know that what is actual amount which is use to initiate any business or to maintain any firm. Feasibility study is the keen interest of the person which effectively works in order to maintain the system more actively and more systematically (MandiÃÆ'„à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡, Basili, Harjumaa, Oivo Markkula, 2010, September). The feasibility study tells our organization that how much budget we have to initiate any project in UAE or to maintain it into the sustainability and harmonizing it. Competitor Analysis: The competitor analysis is the techniques which must be known by the manager or higher authoritiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ officials to maintain the status of their company into peak. This is the analysis in which a manager forecasting the capabilities and future position of his own firm and compare it with other firm. After getting result he engages to work more for the sake of maintenance of his firm. In UAE the competition in business is getting increase day by day (MandiÃÆ'„à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡, Basili, Harjumaa, Oivo Markkula, 2010, September). We must have to maintain the marketing and apply different techniques in order to beat the market value of our client. It also considering of following and take out the anti ways to beat the competition of your competition. We have to promotes our policies and provide the best results with best deals of facilitates to attract the more clients (MandiÃÆ'„à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡, Basili, Harjumaa, Oivo Markkula, 2010, September). [A7] Co nclusion: To be on successive path organization or company should have to think about what best strategy they would make so they can stand in market and beat their competitors in marketing line. Without strategies company will not able to stand a day and if the directors of organizations want fruitful organization then they have to make first pillar first which is Strategy. References: Donnelly, J. E., Blair, S. N., Jakicic, J. M., Manore, M. M., Rankin, J. W., Smith, B. K. (2009). American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. Appropriate physical activity intervention strategies for weight loss and prevention of weight regain for adults.Medicine and science in sports and exercise,41(2), 459-471. Retrieved from https://europepmc.org/abstract/med/19127177[A8] Goldhirsch, A. 2., Wood, W. C., Coates, A. S., Gelber, R. D., ThÃÆ' ¼rlimann, B., Senn, H. J. (2011). Strategies for subtypesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ dealing with the diversity of breast cancer: highlights of the S t Gallen International Expert Consensus on the Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer 2011.Annals of oncology, mdr304. Retrieved from https://annonc.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/06/27/annonc.mdr304.short[A9] Jansen, F., Janssen, D. (2010). Effects of positive politeness strategies in business letters.Journal of pragmatics,42(9), 2531-2548 retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378216610000627 MandiÃÆ'„à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡, V., Basili, V., Harjumaa, L., Oivo, M., Markkula, J. (2010, September). Utilizing GQM+ Strategies for business value analysis: An approach for evaluating business goals. InProceedings of the 2010 ACM-IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement(p. 20). ACM. Retrieved from https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1852813 Petros, R. A., DeSimone, J. M. (2010). Strategies in the design of nanoparticles for therapeutic applications.Nature Reviews Drug Discovery,9(8), 615-627. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/nrd/journal/v9/n8/abs/nrd2591.html[A10] [A1]Weak Start [A2]And should have been smaller [A3]Could have elaborayed [A4]Our desired goal, means? [A5]Weak sentence [A6]Why it is italics? [A7]Kindly arrange the document so as to relate to the topic and present strong arguments. [A8]Irrelevant reference [A9]Irrelevant reference [A10]All references are utter nonsense, nothing is relevant

Essay on Analyis of Knowledge of a Possibility by JUllary...

The value of literature as a source of knowledge is a timeless debate that varies depending on how knowledge is defined. I will adopt Hillary Putnam’s theory of â€Å"Knowledge of a Possibility† (Putnam 488) in â€Å"Literature Science, and Reflection† (1976), and focus on the value of literature as a source of conceptual knowledge. The emergence of the novel brought with it conventions for a more realistic writing style that aimed to appeal to the common readers. Variations of the degree of realism ranged from writing that tried to present a fully authentic experience of life, known as Formal Realism, and writing that offers some authentic aspects of life but also conserves characteristics of classic genres of epics and romances. These†¦show more content†¦The criterion for knowledge is rather complex and Putnam addresses literary knowledge in â€Å"both the empirical and conceptual elements† (Putnam 488). On the one hand, there are the conceptua l elements of knowledge, those that can be considered â€Å"knowledge of possibility† (Putnam 488) that allow us to think of new possibilities through â€Å"conceptual discovery† (Putnam 488). Conceptual knowledge allows readers to get a sense of what something is like or provide insight to another person’s beliefs. There are not necessarily claims to truth in this form of knowledge, but in some instances the hypotheses we obtain from literature may be tested confirmed through personal experience, and consequently may be confirmed or falsified. On the other hand there is empirical knowledge, which is gained through observations, scientific experimentation, and evidence. In this context, Putnam rejects the ability of literature to provide readers with empirical knowledge. In his example about The Golden Notebook by Doris Lessing, Putnam suggests that the book provides knowledge of â€Å"what it was like to be a communist in the 1940s† (Putnam 489) but offe rs a disclaimer â€Å"you may say to yourself this is what it must have been like; but...you have no right to say â€Å"I know what this is what it was like†Ã¢â‚¬  (Putnam 489). Despite this distinction, Putnam still asserts the value of knowledge in literature â€Å"Dorris

Federalism Court Cases Essay Example For Students

Federalism Court Cases Essay The following are exercises to help you learn more about important Supreme Court Cases relevant to federalism. For each, you should read and record the following: 1. Introduction, background or summary of case. 2. Court Decision (i. e. 5-4, unanimous, etc.) 3. What justice wrote the majority or per curiam opinion. 4. Why is this case significant for the ongoing redefinitions of federalism? o Marbury v. Madison, o When Jefferson (R) is elected, Adams appoints as many to the judiciary bench as he can before losing power. Jeffersonian Republicans repealed the Judiciary Act of 1800, which had served to create new judgeships and circuit courts with Federalist judges, and threatened impeachment if the Supreme Court overturned the repeal statute. When Jefferson becomes president, he refuses to honor the appointments of Adams. Marbury, one of the appointees, sues James Madison, the Secretary of State, in the Supreme Court. o No decision made w/ votes. Court says that Marbury should have received his shit, but that the court cant issue a writ of mandamus because the power to issue mandamuss was given to them by congress illegally according to the constitution. o John Marshall o Because it gives the S.C. power to judge acts of congress to be unconstitutional. 6. Printz v. United States a. Congress passed the Brady Act (named for President Reagans Press Secretary, who was permanently wounded during the assassination attempt on the President) to impose a national background check system on all gun sales. The Act had the Attorney General establish, before the end of 1998, a national system for checking the criminal records of prospective gun purchasers. Until such a system could be implemented, however, the Act made state officers conduct the background checks. Unless the gun purchaser already possessed a state handgun permit issued after a background check or the state already had in place a system for an instant background check at the time of sale, the Act imposed certain duties (backed up by criminal sanctions) on the chief law enforcement officers of the purchasers residence to determine whether the prospective purchase would be in violation of federal law. b. c. Justice Scalia d. This case is important for the meaning of federalism because it establishes the .

Phantom Tollbooth free essay sample

This book takes the protagonist, Milo on a journey to show him how amazing life is, due to his theory that life is nothing but boring and depressing. Because of Milos theory, Juster creates a surreal and fantastical world that Milo becomes lost in. Through Justers description and development of this unrealistic world, the moral of the story is found. I love the fact that the moral behind the book is realizing the vast array of color we have within our lives rather than a humdrum, solid grey, meaning, our lives are filled with excitement and beauty that we should never take for granted or overlook. Justers use of play on words (e. g. the whether man), a kingdom of numbers feuding against a kingdom of letters, the journey to find Rhyme and Reason (women rather than the abstract ideas), and the various perspectives that can be taken upon one thing are poignant for a juvenile book. We will write a custom essay sample on Phantom Tollbooth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I have read this book four times and every time I read it I learn something new. I enjoy the use of play on words within this book, because it gives the book a sense of humor that adults and somewhat complex thinkers can enjoy. I like the concept of conflict between numbers and letters, because within our everyday lives we are using both. To think that they are fighting over which one is more important is humorous but also thought provoking. In the book, Juster names many characters by their role or intent within the book. Milo is on a journey to find Rhyme and Reason so that peace may be restored to the Kingdom of Wisdom. I think that though simplistic, Justers choice of naming was the best decision. Not everything has to be complex and that is what I like about The Phantom Tollbooth. It genuinely has the best of both worlds. It gives readers of all ages something to laugh and think about. I have learned that my life is precious, even the simplest moments and though that wasnt a new and sudden epiphany, it was and always is a great reminder to not take the precious gift of life for granted. I love this book, additionally, because of its vivid use of surrealism and imagery. Despite the lack of illustrations within the book, Justers words paint a phenomenal picture that one illustration could never, in my opinion, do justice to. The imagination that Juster stimulates within all of his readers within The Phantom Tollbooth creates paintings that are meant to be recreated and changed every time we read the book. Perhaps, that is my most favorite thing about this childhood book, its ability to create a different and unique world that I suddenly become a part of every single time I read it.

The Deep Dive free essay sample

In this activity, you will watch a group of professionals work to solve a design problem in just five days. Answer the following questions as you watch The Deep Dive. A class discussion will take place following the broadcast. 1. â€Å"From the buildings in which we live and work, to the cars we drive, or the knives and forks with which we eat, everything we use was designed to create some sort of marriage between _________________ and _________________. † 2. The folks at IDEO state that they are not experts in any given area. But, they do claim to be experts on the _____strange_______________, which they apply to the innovation of consumer products. 3. After the team of designers is brought together, told the problem, and informed they have five days to â€Å"pull it off,† what phase of the design process do they immediately engage in? brainstorming 4. Give two examples of what the team members did during this phase. We will write a custom essay sample on The Deep Dive or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page |a. |They deffered between the good and the bad | |b. Made it better | 5. List five rules-of-thumb that IDEO employees follow when they share ideas during the brainstorming phase: |a. |Stay focused. Build on ideas | |c. |One convwersation at a time | |d. |Encourage wild ideas | |e. Differ judgement | 6. Why should wild (and sometimes crazy) ideas be entertained during the brainstorming phase? they need ideas to build on to make them fun and more safe 7. After the brainstorming phase was over, the team narrowed down the hundreds of ideas by _____________ for those ideas that were not only â€Å"cool† but also _________________ in a short period of time. What phase of the design process is this called? 8. IDEO believes that the ideas and efforts of a _____group_________ will always be more successful than the planning of a lone genius. 9. Once the ideas were narrowed down and divided into categories, the group was split into four smaller teams. What phase(s) of the design process was each of these groups responsible for? #3. research and generate ideas 10. The leaders at IDEO believe that ______fun__________ behavior and a _______playful_______ environment are two important reasons why their employees are able to think quickly and creatively to produce innovative results. 1. Sometimes, people come up with great solutions that work by trying their ideas first, and asking for _________answers________ later. 12. Design is often a process of going too far and having to take a few steps back. What phase of the design process would the critique of the four mock-ups come under? #5. explore possibilities 13. Upon critique of the four teams’ models, it was obvious that none of the teams had developed an optimum solution. However, the people at IDEO believe that it is important to _____fail________ often in order to _____finish________ sooner. 4. What percentage of the entire week’s time did it take to fabricate the final prototype? 3 days 15. Instead of showering his design team with a tremendous amount of praise, what did the boss require his employees to do with their new design? go out and see what people think about it 16. Of all the things that we are surrounded by every day, what has not been placed through the design process? Conclusion 1. What did you find to be the most impressive part of the team’s effort? 7. What advantages are there to having a design team with members that have non-engineering backgrounds? 18. There was a point in the process where a self-appointed group of adults stepped up, stopped the ideas, and redirected the group to break up into teams. Why was this done? 19. At the end of the video, Dave Kelly states, â€Å"Look around. The only things that are not designed are the things we find in nature. † Can you think of anything that would contradict this statement?

Daycare Necessary Education essays

Daycare Necessary Education essays Daycare has become a controversy because of the great quantity of advantages and disadvantages that it involves. While a very large number of parents have to rely on child care centers because of career ambitions or financial needs that only their jobs can fulfill, most child psychiatrists believe that the ideal growing environment for an infant is at home with the family. The problem is that choosing the right caregiver, a good substitute for the parents, is very hard, and the consequences of a wrong decision can be very detrimental to the childs personality development. This choice depends on many factors like culture, education and especially income. In fact, the financial availability plays the most important role in the possibility to choose the child care with the highest quality, which means, the lowest danger of a negative impact on the infant. In March 1970, twenty-six percent of mothers with children under two years of age were in the labor force. By the same month in 1984, that figure was 46.8 percent (U.S. Department of Labor, 1984). In the present day, that number is even higher and the children under five years of age who need daycare assistance reached ten million (Bureau of Census, 1995). This strong increase of demand for external caregivers brought to the creation of many specialized centers and the growth of the sector of non-professional assistance like part-time babysitters. Unfortunately, the most part of these offerings are incompetent and low quality. As the average age in which children are placed in extra-parental hands is decreasing, the risk of later behavioral consequences increases, so the choice of the right solution becomes always more critical. At this time, over half of the children under one year need this kind of assistance and approximately sixteen percent of them belong to families very close to the poverty line (NAP chap.1). The problem is accentuated by the widening of the gap between ric...

Critical Evaluation of Project Management Techniques in Information Essay

Critical Evaluation of Project Management Techniques in Information Sector in Nigeria - Essay Example Commerce to E-commerce to M-commerce seems to be logical way for any government or individual to scale up. Since the paper is based on secondary research, various data and reports already available with the respective agencies, newspapers and other publications will be compiled, analyzed and used to draw conclusions. Gabriel Ajayi (NITDA and ICT in Nigeria,2003) has asserted that after NITDA (National Information Technology Development Agency) was set up in 2001, projects like Public Service Network (PSNet), Mobile Internet Unit (MIU) and Human Capacity Development were undertaken by the same. NITDA started the process of integrating IT into the public service through a massive campaign that targeted at the top echelon of the service. Although he was optimistic about the crucial role ICT played in gearing up the economy, he did not seem very hopeful about funding and political will. After the military rule ended in 1999, there were unfounded fears about the use of ICT in any industry and government will to encourage ICT lacked enthusiasm. From 2001, ICT enjoyed the complete backing of the government and has been looked at as a tool to bring about sustainable development and global competitiveness in Nigeria. GSM service was launched in 2001 and teledensity immediately rose from 0.5 to 2 per 100 subscribers. In the paper â€Å"Nigeria’s Need for ICT S.P.259 Technology and Policy in Nigeria†, Tom Goshit expressed his disappointment with the state of utilization of ICT in Nigeria. He felt that poverty and lack of skilled IT personnel were drawbacks in faster implementation and utilization of policies favoring ICT. However, when it came to use of mobile telephony and ICT, he says ‘As of December 2005, there were over 19,000,000 serviced cell phones in Nigeria. The mobile cellular market has grown because landline

Cognative Behavioural Therapy CBT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cognative Behavioural Therapy CBT - Essay Example What is CBT? There are several types of cognitive behavior therapy acclaimed by the National Association of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapists, such as ‘dialectic behavior therapy, rational living and rational behavior therapy, or rational emotive behavior therapy’ (Dryden 2002, p. 18). The essence of these approaches is to make a patient be aware of triggers of his addiction. It is relevant to help patients to develop new strategies for dealing with stressing situations and coping with addictions, respectfully. During the process of a functional analysis, therapists makes the addict persons define their inner thoughts and ideas that occur inside of them during the process of drugs/alcohol consumption or after it. There is another option for therapists to develop a behavioral model relevant to the addicted individuals. Counselors should be able to identify risky situations when relapse may occur. In this case it is relevant to develop skills that may help a patient to overc ome this risk. With this regard, it is possible to make group sessions and teach clients skill elements by means of â€Å"roleplaying and real life practice exercises that will enable them to apply these skills to meet their own needs† (Marlatt 2007, p. 32). Clients should be ensured in receiving constructive feedback from counselors. A long-lasting behavioral change may occur when self-efficacy expectations are modified. CBT is efficient for clients who are actively involved in treatment process and are willing to be responsible for their future abuse prevention. In this case, during CBT a client obtains healthy behaviours instead of maladaptive habits: â€Å"As the individual undergoes a process of deconditioning, cognitive restructuring, and skills acquisition, he or she can begin to accept greater responsibility for changing the behavior. This is the essence of the self-control or self-management approach: one can learn how to escape from the clutches of the vicious cycl e of addiction, regardless of how the habit pattern was originally acquired† (Rasmussen 2000, p. 116). It is important for counselors to reread required sections of manual before each session and highlight necessary points, which have to be covered during a training session. It is important for a client to hear from counselor a natural speech and not just listening to manual citing. During each session, a counselor should inform the client about the most important issues for his daily life. At this point, client’s information and examples from his life should be used by counselors as illustrative material. Therefore, CBT is effective in case relevant measures are developed by a therapist. In order to develop a relevant treatment strategy, it is necessary to conduct more than 20 documented controlled trial tests, if to refer to data of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (The Official Website of the Institute). Generally speaking, it is also efficient to combine CBT wit h group support sessions and other types of support strategies. It is also important to develop a flexible approach to CBT treatment development. A flexible approach implies an individual development of CBT for every patient. The main advantage for CBT as a treatment for patients with addictions is its short time performance and a personalized treatment. Currently, CBT is widely used for patients with no psychotic disorders, or those who suffer from bipolar disorder. A shift to cognitive

The Sovereignty of Parliament Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Sovereignty of Parliament - Essay Example The basic tenets of these are based on the precepts of the Constitution itself.3 A. V. Dicey in 1885 summarized in his definition of the Rule of Law three areas are comprised: English law is what rules the citizens, not those that establish the law or choose to use it for their own advantage; there is an intrinsic understanding that all are equal under the law; and lastly that a constitution is a result of the laws of the land not the converse.4 One of the most contentious issues of debate concerning the Constitution remains the Sovereignty of Parliament. ... ant role is that of a legitimizer of the government's actions,6 dating back to one of the founding documents of the British Constitution, the Magna Carta.7 Written in 1215, the Magna Carta laid the cornerstone of the Sovereignty of Parliament in that it limited the power of the monarch by written grant.8 Modern Parliament was formulated with the passage of the Act of Union 1707 with the joining of the Scotland under the federal rule of Britain while still allowing them some autonomy.9 The British Common Law constitution acknowledges the sovereighness of the monarchy; however, it affirms that likewise, as they must uphold the law, they are powerless to change it; that rests solely with Parliament.10 Several cases upholding its Sovereignty follow. Pickin v British Railways Board [1974] HL upheld the Supremacy of Parliament in that the judicial challenge of any act of Parliament is disallowed.11 Vauxhall Estates v Liverpool Corporation [1932] DC held that the Sovereignty of Parliament is assured and no Parliament may bind another parliament.12 Similarly, Ellen Street Estates Ltd v Minister of Health [1934] held that the Sovereignty of Parliament was absolute and there is no judicial review allowed.13 The 1998 Human Rights Act (HRA) has, some suggested, further weakened the Sovereignty of Parliament. Section 19 of this Act is particularly important in that without its full knowledge and clear understanding Parliament will not enact any legislation incompatible with the convention without its full knowledge and understanding. The Minister is required upon introducing a bill to Parliament to make a clear statement as to, in his opinion, the bill contradicts the convention. If he is unable to make a determination as to compatibility he is required to state

Burberry Brand Faced Lot Of Problems Marketing Essay

Burberry Brand Faced Lot Of Problems Marketing Essay Compare Burberrys market position relative to that of its competitors, including Polo, Armani and Gucci. Answers: Burberry had positioned itself into a luxury lifestyle brand that was inspirational, stylish, and innovative brand. Burberry had targeted its brand in order to attract younger customer base along with the traditional stodgy looking, conservative and a customer based skewed towards the older generation. Therefore, the market positioning for Burberry can appeal to the hip 25-year-old man or the conservative 65 year old man. Burberry had become a brand symbolizing both luxury and durability. Burberry was focused for a niche segment between brands such as Polo Ralph Lauren and Giorgio Armani in Apparel, and between Coach and Gucci in accessories. Burberry had a particular price point and for a particular price segment. Burberry was never just a classic brand or a brand always having a cutting edge but had always maintained itself as a accessible luxury brand. The point of difference (PoD) which made Burberry unique was its functionality, i.e. the products had a purpose. Burberry was an aspirational brand with functionality which made it unique. Burberry had comfortably nestled itself between a lifestyle (represented by Ralph Lauren) high end fashion products (represented by Gucci) in the accessories and some men apparel and the high end brand in womens apparel and most mens apparel. Market Share In terms of Market share, the Exhibit13 display that Burberry has the fourth largest market share at 5.2%. The relative performance of Burberry as compared to Polo, Armani and Gucci are as follows: ______________________________ Players____________Market Share Polo Ralph Lauren 9.1% Burberry 5.2% Gucci 4.4% Giorgio Armani 3.5% Source Accessories Exhibit14 shows the sales of accessories in Eur(mn) of Burberry in comparison to the other brands. The accessories of Burberry had an sales of 445 Eur(million). In comparison to the other brands the sales of 2001 were: _____________________________ Players________________Eur(Mn) Gucci 1,394 Polo Ralph Lauren 484 Burberry 445 Source In terms of sales Louis Vuitton had the most amount of sales. Gucci and Polo Ralph Lauren had more amounts of sales in terms of revenue as compared to Burberry. Apparel Exhibit14 shows the sales of apparel in Eur(mn) of Burberry in comparison to the other brands. The apparel of Burberry had an sales of 988 Eur(million). In comparison to the other brands the sales of 2001 were: __________________________ Players________________Eur(Mn) Polo Ralph Lauren 3,621 Burberry 988 Georgio Armani 661 Source In terms of sales, Polo Ralph Lauren had the most amount of sales. Burberry had more amounts of sales in terms of revenue as compared to Georgio Armani. Advertisement Expenditure The following is the amount of expenditure done by the fashion companies with respect to burberrys advertisement expenditure ______________________________ Players_________________Eur(Mn) Burberry 98 Giorgio Armani 72 Gucci Division 111 Polo Ralph Lauren 100 Gucci has spent the maximum on advertisement expenditure, followed by Polo and then by Burberry. Giorgio Armani witnessed the least advertisement expenditure for 72 million. Source Question 2) Is Burberrys competitive position sustainable over a long term? Answer: There are some constraints that Burberry is facing, these are : The marketplace and current trends are constantly changing. Everyone is a competition. High Income people shop everywhere, and lower income people are starting to shop for for affluent brand names. The brands sales rely heavily on the Burberry check. With emergence of new customer base, looking towards them might create a danger of alienating old client base. The new management of Burberry has overcome these constraints efficiently, but with the rise in competition, the management has to work really hard to keep the brand contemporary and moving in the positive direction. Question 3) Bravos team is currently carrying out several initiatives including multiple collections, multiple channels and multiple licenses. What is the role of each of these initiatives in Burberrys overall business model? Multiple Collections: Under Bravo Burberry was positioned as a brand in between Polo Ralph Lauren and Giorgio Armani in apparels and between Coach and Gucci in accessories. Bravo wanted the Burberry brand to appeal younger generation, while maintaining its old customer base. In order to reposition the brand and attract new customers base Burberry launched multiple collections. The other reason for launching multiple collections was to remain consistent with the current fashion trend in the market. Bravos team started slashing the number of SKUs to eliminate outdated designs and had a consistent look across the products. Each season Burberry used to introduce 450 to 500 womens apparel styles and 330 to 350 mens apparel styles. These collection were very cross generational i.e. it targeted people in the age range of 25 to 60. In this way Burberry made itself more visible and easily approachable for the customer. In order to make people aware that something new is happening at the Burberry, a high profile high-end brand called Prorsum was introduced. Prorsum was available only in the best stores of the world. Through its multiple collections Burberry was s uccessful in creating an image of high fashion brand yet approachable for the customers. Multiple Channels: Burberry Brand faced lot a problem before Bravo joined due to parallel trading, which had a negative impact on its process and brand image. Burberry had 3 channels of distribution retail, wholesalers and licensed partners. By the end of 2002 Burberry had nearly 3162 wholesalers worldwide which included 434 departmental store and 2728 speciality stores. Burberry also had 132 company owned stores all over the world. These company stores where designed to display the entire product range, showcase the company vision and were also used as a testing ground for new concepts. Multiple channel helped Burberry increase its visibility among the customer, which in turn helped in acquiring new customers. Prices of products were raised to reflect the brands new positioning as a result the margin increased to 56% to 47%. Multiple licenses: Burberry exercised complete control over sourcing, designing, manufacturing and distribution. When specific expertise was required to certain product Burberry used licensees who had design, manufacturing and distribution. Burberry used licensees mainly in accessories business where they didnt have competitive advantage. Having control over the licenses, wholesalers and distributors helped Burberry in repositioning its brand and creating a positive image among the customers. In the process Burberry bought some of the distributors to stop parallel trading and have a tighter control over the process. Elevating the prices. Control over communications global communications. Question 4) Has Bravos team managed to elevate the overall status of the Burberry brand? Answer: The Bravo team was very successful in elevating the overall status of the Burberry brand. This was not an easy task or something that was accomplished overnight. Bravos goal when she took over was to transform Burberry into a luxury lifestyle brand that was aspirational, stylish and innovative. Some immediate changes made to Burberry to help accomplish this and elevate the overall status were cosmetic. This included changing the companys name from Burberrys to Burberry and introducing a contemporary new logo and packaging. Then Bravo went onto reposition the brand. This meant attracting younger customers while retaining Burberrys core customer base. The product line was also updated. The new product line included product classified as either continuity or fashion oriented. Continuity products were expected to have much longer lifecycles and fashion oriented products were responsive to fashion trends. Burberry also updated its product line to have three primary collections: wo mens wear, menswear, and accessories. With all of these new and radical changes, Burberry was able to elevate the overall status of its brand. Balance between continuity and fashion oriented products Balance between mens and womens wear (27% vs 33%) mens wear has relatively longer PLC Balance between accessories and apparels Balanced distribution Sales = 39% DOS 52% Distributors 10% Licenses Greater geographical balance dependence on Asia 75% Brand tier strategy London, Prorsum, Thomas Black.Blue.

Renting Software :: essays research papers

Renting Software The life expectancy of software, especially purchased software, has become shorter and shorter over the years. While in the past an organization could be on the cutting edge of technology for five or six years with the software it had, now some applications become obsolete within two or three years. If you personally want to use the most current application, such as word processors and spreadsheets, you must pay several tens or hundreds of dollars to upgrade your version every two or three years. Now imagine how much money organizations have to pay for the same privilege for hundreds of thousands of employees. Worse, unlike households and small firms, many organizations spend millions of dollars on enterprise-wide applications, such as supply-chain management, ERP, and Web-based transaction systems only to find that two or three years later their version is old and lags behind the newer versions that their competitors use. Also, for small companies, the cost of even a single module o f an enterprise-wide system may be too high for purchasing. They prefer a monthly payment to a single, but large allocation of capital for the software. The answer to these challenges may be a relatively new approach to acquiring applications – renting. There are two approaches to renting: in one, the organization pays for the use of an application over a limited period of time at its site; in the other, the organization pays to use the application through the web. On-site Renting Many IS executives would rather rent software for a limited period of time and pay less than own it for a much higher cost. To satisfy this need, many software vendors now offer rental programs. For example, many organizations rent antivirus software rather than purchase it. Network Associates, Inc., the company that owns the popular McAfee antivirus software offers rental contracts for limited periods, as short as one year. The company realized that since thousands of new computer viruses are launched every years, its customers prefer to rent a version of the application for only one year, and when the next version, which takes care of new virus, is available, rent the newer version. When a company rents software, the rental rate is determined by the number of users and the period for which the software is rented. At the end of that period, the company must delete all copies of the software from its computers, or renew the rental agreement. Renting Software :: essays research papers Renting Software The life expectancy of software, especially purchased software, has become shorter and shorter over the years. While in the past an organization could be on the cutting edge of technology for five or six years with the software it had, now some applications become obsolete within two or three years. If you personally want to use the most current application, such as word processors and spreadsheets, you must pay several tens or hundreds of dollars to upgrade your version every two or three years. Now imagine how much money organizations have to pay for the same privilege for hundreds of thousands of employees. Worse, unlike households and small firms, many organizations spend millions of dollars on enterprise-wide applications, such as supply-chain management, ERP, and Web-based transaction systems only to find that two or three years later their version is old and lags behind the newer versions that their competitors use. Also, for small companies, the cost of even a single module o f an enterprise-wide system may be too high for purchasing. They prefer a monthly payment to a single, but large allocation of capital for the software. The answer to these challenges may be a relatively new approach to acquiring applications – renting. There are two approaches to renting: in one, the organization pays for the use of an application over a limited period of time at its site; in the other, the organization pays to use the application through the web. On-site Renting Many IS executives would rather rent software for a limited period of time and pay less than own it for a much higher cost. To satisfy this need, many software vendors now offer rental programs. For example, many organizations rent antivirus software rather than purchase it. Network Associates, Inc., the company that owns the popular McAfee antivirus software offers rental contracts for limited periods, as short as one year. The company realized that since thousands of new computer viruses are launched every years, its customers prefer to rent a version of the application for only one year, and when the next version, which takes care of new virus, is available, rent the newer version. When a company rents software, the rental rate is determined by the number of users and the period for which the software is rented. At the end of that period, the company must delete all copies of the software from its computers, or renew the rental agreement.

Developing Good Work Habits Essay

During the early school years, students must begin to develop good work habits including preparing for schoolwork, organizing time and effort, and developing effective study skills. As students continue into middle school and high school their success depends, to a large degree, on refining and sustaining these work habits. Time management, organizational skills, and efficient study skills become especially important by this stage. Students who are able to develop and maintain good work habits are in a position to succeed – to learn what needs to be learned, and to become confident students. Getting started on assignments in school and at home requires students to engage their attentional abilities. Students must be alert to the task at hand, possibly shifting focus to a new activity, and have the mental effort necessary to initiate the task. Students who are able to preview, or think about the outcomes of a task before beginning, are helped in many ways. They can have an idea of what a report will be like once a topic is selected, what materials will be necessary to do an assignment, etc. In addition, students who have a strong sense of â€Å"step-wisdom† – knowing how tasks or activities can be broken down into a series of steps, will be able to determine the first step needed to get started on an assignment. There is an optimal rate for accomplishing most tasks. A competent student is often a well-paced student, performing at a rate appropriate to the task and available time. Taking the appropriate amount of time for a task is largely dependent upon both a student’s temporal-sequential skills and his/her attentional abilities. Temporal-sequential skills help us interpret, retain, or create information that is in serial order. These skills are related to a student’s ability to appreciate time in general and estimate time appropriately. Tempo control (a facet of attention) helps students regulate the allocation of time to the task at hand, and predict the time required for an upcoming task. Tempo control also instills a sense of â€Å"step-wisdom†, the knowledge that it is more effective to undertake activities in a series of steps, rather than all at once. Tempo control allows a student to match his/her pacing to the demands of a given task, e. g. , to take the right amount of time to finish an essay test, to do a homework assignment thoroughly yet efficiently, etc. For many students, time is their most precious resource. Making the most of the time they have enables students to be as efficient and successful as possible, leading a balanced life of work and play. A clear understanding of time is required for students to manage their own time effectively, e. g. , plan long term projects, organize schedules, etc. As such, time management skills are an important component of a student’s success – in school and beyond. In order to meet assignment deadlines and to keep up with schedules related to school and schoolwork, students must engage their temporal-sequential ordering abilities. These skills help us interpret, retain, or create information that is in a serial order. Students with strong temporal-sequential ordering skills are able to manage their schedules, organize their work, and make efficient use of their time. Such students are also able to avoid procrastination (putting off a task that must be done). For students with weak time management skills, procrastination can have painful consequences, affecting both academic and personal success. In order to complete assignments for school, students must develop their cognitive working capacity. That is, students must learn to initiate and maintain the mental effort needed to complete tasks and activities. The ability to manage one’s effort is closely linked to academic productivity and success. A strong capacity for work enables students to delay gratification and to persevere through tasks that take considerable energy. It also helps them sustain their effort when information is worthy of attention, even though not immediately exciting, such as when studying a chapter they will be tested on the next day, or reading the instructions for a science experiment. Developing good organizational behaviors can play a key role in efficient school performance. School is much easier for students who know how to organize themselves, their materials, and their work space. Having effective organizational tactics will continue to be a valuable asset throughout a student’s education and career. Being ready to learn often means being prepared for the next activity, having to shift gears from one task to another, and having all the necessary materials on hand. In order to develop this aspect of learning readiness, students must engage their attentional abilities (especially that of previewing), as well as their memory skills. Through previewing, a student is able to look ahead and be prepared to deal with upcoming circumstances, challenges, and academic tasks. For example, previewing helps students prepare for a test, get ready for an upcoming class, and smoothly transition from one activity to the ext. In addition, students who preview are able to determine which materials are needed for a task and to remember to have those materials on hand. As a result, they are better prepared for activities and better able to follow through on assignments. Staying organized for school requires a student to have strong spatial abilities as well as a strong memory. To efficiently keep track of school materials and assignments, for example, students must have an internal sense of how things should be organized. In order to follow through on school-related tasks, such as turning in homework and bringing the right books to class, students must be able to remember where these items are, as well as remember to have the items on hand when needed! Maintaining a good study space is important to every student’s success. Students must have appropriate environments in which to learn and study, both at school and at home. Setting up and keeping an organized work space requires that students have strong spatial abilities. Such abilities help a student arrange a consistent place for storing school books, organize a desk drawer, keep a desk clear of clutter, etc.

Coming of the Civil War essays

Coming of the Civil War essays Rethinking the Coming of the Civil War: A Counterfactual Exercise, written by Gary J. Kornblith in the June 2003 issue of The Journal of American History, is an article that prompts the reader to reflect on the different dynamics which eventually lead to the Civil War. There are two diverse ideas concerning the causes of this War, one being Fundamentalism and the other Revisionism. Fundamentalists believe that the Civil War was caused by distinct societies in the North and South, whose dissimilar paths were headed for collision come the mid-nineteenth century. The divergence of social systems, a divergence epitomized by free labor and slave labor were three key elements which influenced the road to conflict. In a society where the belief in individual liberty and religious devotion were prominent the means not to have an abolitionist movement was impossible. The argument still stands that had the Norths and Souths social/cultural system had not diverged so differently come the turn of the nineteenth century; the war would have never taken place. Revisionists believe that the politics of the 1850's provided for the Civil War. This entailed bad political leaders and sectionalism. The argument of the revisionists elucidates the fact that the Civil War could have been avoided if slavery was confined through politics. Charles W. Ramsdell was quoted saying, Had this question of slavery in Western lands been settled there would have been no Civil War. Kornblith writes this particular article from the perspective of a revisionist. He believes the election of 1844 was a significant reason for the Civil War. He claimed, Had Clay beat Polk in 1844, Texas would have remained an independent republic and we wouldnt have gone to war a year later. If Clay won the election his Manifest Destiny would not have included Texas. Therefore, the issue of slavery would not ...

Mobs and Mobiles

Mobs and Mobiles Mobs and Mobiles Mobs and Mobiles By Mark Nichol It is etymologically appropriate that the term mob should be associated with a roiling crowd, because the word is a clipped form of mobile. That word, in Latin, means â€Å"movable,† but it also had the sense of â€Å"fickle,† which was what is meant by the Latin phrase mobile vulgus, which refers to the perception of the ruling class in ancient Rome that public opinion was capricious. (Plus à §a change . . .) (Vulgus, meanwhile, means â€Å"the common people,† and the perceived base behavior of the rabble- again, judged from above- prompted the adjective vulgar. The Latin term also begat another adjective, the first word in the phrase â€Å"Vulgate Bible,† referring to a translation of the Bible accessible to the populace). The slang shortening of mobile to mob occurred sometime in the late 1600s, and we still use it to refer to a large, unruly group of people. (Mobcap, the word for a large woman’s cap worn indoors, is unrelated; it comes from the obsolete name Mab.) To mob someone originally meant to attack him or her in a group; it now applies to any mass of people accosting someone, as when a celebrity is spotted in a public place and besieged for autographs or to be photographed. Mob is also associated with organized crime during the Roaring Twenties (at about the same time that the phrase â€Å"mob scene† was coined to refer to a crowded place), but it had first been applied to a gang of criminals nearly a hundred years earlier than that. Mobster was first attested in 1916, about twenty years after gangster officially entered the lexicon. The adjective mobile means â€Å"able to move or be moved.† (The name of the city of Mobile in Alabama is unrelated; it derives from a Native American word.) In the 1930s, the word was first used to modify the noun sculpture to refer to a piece of art, usually suspended, in which motion is integral to the effect of the art on the observer; in the late part of the following decade, the adjective stood on its own to become a noun referring to such art. Automobile was first, in the mid-nineteenth century, an adjective (a mash-up of Greek and French-based-on-Latin meaning â€Å"self-moving†); the French phrase và ©hicule automobile was truncated in the late 1800s to automobile, which briefly had in French the synonym locomobile (loco means â€Å"from a place,† hence locomotive, â€Å"moving from a place†). During the transitional period when use of horse-drawn vehicles and early automobiles coincided, the term hippomobile (the first element is from the Greek word for horse, known mainly from hippopotamus, or â€Å"water horse†) distinguished the former from the latter. Snowmobiles, developed in the early 1900s, were so named starting in 1931. Mobile homes, derived from travel trailers and originally designed early in the twentieth century to accommodate people who needed to move often, later developed into prefabricated homes that could be hauled to a permanent or semipermanent location, resulting in the name being oxymoronic. Mobility is the quality of being mobile, while to mobilize is to make capable of movement; the military sense, which refers to a country’s large-scale preparation for war, actually precedes the general definition. (It was first used in the mid-eighteenth century.) The noun form of mobilize is mobilization. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Good At, Good In, and Good WithAmong vs. AmongstI wish I were...

Power of Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Power of Language - Essay Example It is not surprising that our native language is often referred to as our "mother tongue" a terms that recalls our earliest memories and influences. The term itself has different meanings. The sociolinguist Tove Skutnabb Kangas (1981) hypothesizes five definitions of "mother tongue" depending on who is defining it. For the sociologist, mother tongue is the language one learns first. For the linguist, it is the language one knows best. For the sociolinguist it is the language one uses the most. For the social psychologist, it is the language one identifies with and through which one is identified. For the lay person, it is "the language one counts in thinks in, dreams in, writes a diary in, and writes poetry in" (Skutnabb- Kangas, 1981: 18). Skutnabb- Kangas' social psychological definition of mother tongue brings out the importance of language as part of one's cultural identity. The mother tongue is the langue through which in the process of socialization one has required the norms and value systems of one's own group. The language passes on the cultural tradition of the group and there by gives the individual an identity which ties her to the in-group and at the same time sets her apart from other possible groups of reference.. Since this socialization process to a large extent occurs with the aid of language, language itself comes to constitute a symbolic representation of the group. Diversity in Language If just a few of the majority languages of the world solely existed, how tedious and uninteresting it would be. Rather, for the moment we have a language garden full of variety and color. The initial conclusion is simply that language diversity in the garden of the world makes for a richer, more interesting world with a depth of experience gained from a breadth of cultures. However, language diversity makes the garden more difficult to tend. In a garden, some flowers and shrubs spread quickly. Some majority languages, particularly English, have expanded considerably during the last century. When the garden is neglected, a few strong species of flower may take over, and small minority flowers may be in danger of extinction. Therefore some delicate flowers need extra care and protection. A free language economy will mean the extinction of many languages' Language planning is essential to avoid such trends. When a gardener wishes to create a beautiful garden, there will be both careful planning and continued care and protection. Sometimes radical action may be taken to preserve and protect. The analogy suggests that language diversity requires planning and care. If language resources are to be maintained and developed, of ensuring that the speaker of all languages value their language and take pride in their language skills. This will occur only if the society as a whole values those languages, recognizes and values language skills, and recognizes and values cultural and linguistic diversity. Value of diversity Linguistic Diversity helps sustain human existence. At times, medical cures are found in plans and flowers native to a particular region; knowledge about these cures comes from native speaking the local language. If the language disappears, the medical knowledge will disappear as well. Languages contain other types of knowledge; they express particular

FISH TRANSPORT DESIGN Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

FISH TRANSPORT DESIGN - Assignment Example This investigation is aimed at delineating criteria to transport fish followed by three concept level models. These models will be evaluated against the delineated criteria and the most suitable model will be chosen to transport fish over long distances. The business viability of the chosen model will be evaluated in terms of investment and operational costs to help fish owners and transporters decide if they wish to install such a system. NUMBERS OF FISH AND TIME FOR TRANSPORT The current problem clearly states that fish will have to be transported in numbers between 5 and 200 and that the fish can stay on the road for up to 2 days. The most expensive fish in the lot is the Koi Carp. The Koi Carp is potentially a very sensitive fish and needs to be cared for excessively. For the purpose of this investigation, the baseline of water quality will be taken as that for the Koi Carp. If the water quality for the Koi Carp falls below certain constrained levels, then a major loss or failure will be assumed. Constraint 1 maximum transportation time will be 2 days (48 hours) As mentioned before, the baseline will be taken for Koi Carp. Thus aeration constraints will be developed along the lines for the Koi Carp. The density of Koi Carps should be kept at 80 cm length of fish for every 1 m3 volume. (Koi Carps, 2009) The average size of the Koi Carp is between 24 and 36 inches. If these values are averaged, the size of an average Koi Carp comes out to be 30 inches (76.2 cm). (Davis, 2011) Constraint 2 ? fish density based on average size 76.2 cm Water Quality The largest problem in maintaining healthy fish is the dissolved oxygen level. Any variations in the oxygen level can spell disaster for fish especially if the oxygen levels are not replenished after half an hour to acceptable levels. (FAO, 2011) Any and all factors that affect dissolved oxygen levels in water must be considered and dealt with accordingly. Generally the aeration system is constrained by: efficiency of the aeration system; transport duration; temperature of water; fish size; fish speci es. It is essential that the water used to house fish is kept clear. Any turbidity should be avoided and filters should be installed in the system to remove any particulate matter. Constraint 3 ? turbidity clarity Moreover, the pH level must be checked regularly to ensure that it keeps around 7. The acceptable pH levels for housing fish are 6 to 8.5. Constraint 4 ? pH level average at 7 Water temperature has a direct bearing on the amount of oxygen dissolved in water. Oxygen solubility in water decreases exponentially as the temperature of water increases. Therefore, if the water temperature rises significantly as the fish are being transported, the oxygen levels in water will suffer significantly. (Engineering Toolbox, 2011a) The variations of oxygen levels with water temperature are graphed in Appendix A. Constraint 5 ? water temperature should not vary significantly Moreover, the oxygen content of the water needs to be checked regularly to ensure that it does not fall below the d esignated threshold of 5 mg / litre. The variation in oxygen levels is between 8 and 9 mg / litre. Constraint 6 ? oxygen levels in water averaged at 5 mg / litre Moreover, the water quality should be maintained within the constraints listed above and no value should be allowed

Sustainability in the Hotel Industry Assignment

Sustainability in the Hotel Industry - Assignment Example The hotel industry forms an integral part of the tourism industry and if it is not managed properly could cause detrimental to the natural and social environment. Thus to reduce the impact, hotels are adopting the â€Å"go green† initiative. Until recently the hotel industry has been unaware of the environmental damage that it posed to the environment due to its operations and services. However the last two decades have bought about tremendous change and created awareness among the public and in the development of â€Å"green consumerism†. Therefore to achieve greater environmental responsibility, hotel industries are implementing the relevant strategies and tools. The hoteliers are aware that it is essential to protect the environment where it does its business and are crucial towards the development and performance of the industry. According to reports by Bohdanowicz et al. there exist a huge number of examples which shows the development of pro-ecological initiatives .1 With continuous growth in environmental degradation, society has become aware of the needs for adopting more effective measure towards protection of the environment. Sustainable development has therefore become vital priority as well challenge in the competitive environment. The sustainability issue should be addressed at all the levels ranging from the policy makers, industry, academia, and the general public and other stakeholders. The global tourism industry is expected to grow at a rate of 2.8% in 2012 and will represent 9% of the global GDP. The hotel and tourism industry is expected to contribute about $10 trillion to the growth of global economy by 2022 and generate... To conclude it can be said that Holiday Inn has implemented the going green strategies and has performed well in implementing the practices and this is evident as the hotel is a certified green lodging hotel and has also received awards for environmental sustainability. Holiday inn has taken into consideration the recycling process and conservation of consumption and waste. However, it is still important to keep inventing the going green process and sustain in the industry and achieve a competitive advantage. Some of the recommendation includes as follows,   Installation of the green roof will help to mitigate the effect of heat island and also helps to reduce the amount of energy to be required to heat or cool the rooms. Apart from providing environmental benefits, the green roof of the hotel will serve as a commitment of commitment towards sustainability and will provide the guest with a connection with nature. Secondly, the hotel can provide environmentally friendly transportati on for the guest. The transportation will provide fuel efficient and environmentally friendly environment to travel to the desired place by the guest. The low emission and eco-friendly bus would reduce vehicle emission, lighter traffic and a convenient way to travel for the guests. Thirdly, the hotel can install high-efficiency plumbing fixtures along with water reduction by implementing much more efficient fixtures, appliances and water landscaping outside the hotels to preserve water and reuse it.

Husserls Phenomenology Essay Example for Free

Husserls Phenomenology Essay Why is phenomenology such an important branch of philosophical thought in terms of understanding media and its social, political, and technological impact? Phenomenology is the philosophical thought that focuses on the structure of subjective human consciousness. This philosophical movement was founded by Edmund Husserl who â€Å"wants to describe our experiences as they are given from a first person perspective† (Zahavi, 2003, p. 13). Husserl describes the conception of reality in 3 parts. Firstly there’s the world and its external beings, this being the world around us made up of other things and other people. Secondly we have ourselves, and thirdly we have our subjective consciousness, the way we perceive the world around us. Husserl divides phenomenology into two parts, the noesis and the noema, the noesis being the part of an experience which explains the activity, be it an emotion, perception, judgement, or imagination. The second part is the noema, which is the way we perceive the experience, our own meaning of it, the way we conceive it. This study can be differentiated from Kant’s method of analysis which focuses on reality consisting of objects and events as they are understood by subjective human consciousness. The two main divisions of Kantian phenomenology are the noumena and the phenomena. The noumena are things independent of the mind; an object or event that exists without the use of human senses, while the phenomena are any observable occurrences. Kant theorises that what we experience through our senses questions what roles we play in terms of truth and reality. Both Kant’s and Husserl’s interpretation of phenomenology are important branches of philosophical thought when understanding media and it’s social, political, and technological impact. The political impact that media has is stretched further than the democracy of governments. The politics that media focuses on can vary from contestants on a television show to the Presidential debates of the United States. When we watch any form of politics on an edited television show, all we’re seeing is what’s presented to us; the phenomena, we experience what is given to us. It is only by our senses that we’re able to perceive what’s happening on the show. This relates to Kant’s method of analysis which states that what we experience through our senses allows us to question truth and reality. Only what we see on television enables us to question this. What is edited out or what happens back stage is the noumena, it’s not perceivable by our senses and therefore according to Kant we’re unable to comprehend it. The X Factor relies heavily on humiliation in its audition process to get viewers. Many of the advertisements for the X Factor auditions show hopeful contestants being booed or laughed at on stage by the audience. Spin off shows called â€Å"The X Factor: Best and Worst Auditions† are created purely for our entertainment. Although it may seem that the media is using a contestant’s pain for their own gain, it is argued that â€Å"by now, those appearing on reality TV should have acquired a basic understanding of its textual codes and mode of production, and should therefore be prepared for any possible outcomes†(Watts, 2011, p. 36). When schadenfreude, â€Å"enjoyment obtained from the troubles of others† (Merriam-Webster), is shown on television, the audience is faced with an ethical dilemma. They have to decide based on the phenomena around them what is right or wrong. It is up to the individual audience member to decide whether they feel the contestant is able to understand the codes of reality TV and whether the humiliation is acceptable or not. One contestant on the 2012 X Factor auditions, Zoe Alexander, was highlighted in the media due to her vulgar outburst on stage after the judges slammed her down for singing a song by an artist (Pink) for whom she had previously been a tribute act for. After saying she wanted to move away from being a tribute act and focus on her own career, she went on to sing a song by the artist Pink. According to what was shown on television, the contestant made a bad choice and was ridiculed on stage for it. She was jeered at and this resulted in her swearing at the judges and throwing her microphone on the ground. The audience were left with feelings of embarrassment for her; from what was presented to them the audience could only see her outburst. The political division of the show was between this contestant and the X Factor, and the audience had clearly picked a side. After the audition had been aired on television it soon came out that the contestant had been told to sing a Pink song by the X Factor production team prior to her audition. In interviews after the show Alexander stated â€Å"When the judges rejected me I realised I had been manipulated by the X Factor for the previous six weeks. They lured me in, coaxed me and even chose my song all with the intention of setting me up for a fall. †(Daily Mirror). It was only after the audience had become aware of the back stage antics that they were able to switch their political viewpoint to that of the contestant. The impact that media has on politics is shown through the way the media is able to influence the minds of audiences by only showing certain parts of the story. Parts of the show were edited out in order to create a political imbalance between the show and contestant. After the contestant told her side of the story, the audience realised that â€Å"There is now good reason to believe that there is a surprisingly vast range of ways the scene around you could have been visibly different from the way it actually is†(Noe, 2006, p. 191). The noumena, which was not something the audience could understand, was what was edited out of the show, as we could not sense it, it was independent of our minds. According to Kant, as soon as we become aware of it, it becomes a part of our phenomena and is now an observable occurrence. By understanding phenomenology it’s clear that it is an important part of the political impact that media has. Kant’s thoughts on phenomenology relate much to Platonism. The allegory of the cave is a metaphor to describe that what we believe to be reality may not be complete, and that illumination is needed for us to see the truth. Plato explains that the freed prisoner â€Å"wouldn’t be able to see a single one of the things he was now told were real† (Plato, 2006, p. 280). Plato gives us four levels of knowledge: shadows, objects, ideas, and forms, â€Å"in the first place, shadows, and in the second place, reflections† (Plato, 2006, p. 244) The first two levels are within with the realm of sense, shadows are things we have interaction with but no knowledge of, and objects are able to be perceived with knowledge but they still rely on senses to be seen. The next two levels eradicate senses and rely on intelligence. Ideas and forms are reflections of the lower levels and are seen as the ‘intelligible world’. In a similar way, Kant theorises that reality exists on many levels, with the phenomena being what we can sense, and the noumena being what we cannot sense, independent of the mind. Both Plato and Kant agree that knowledge is primarily reliant on sense but does not have to rely on sense alone, and that reality exists on a series of levels. The concept of realism has made huge advancements in technology over the last decade. With great progression in technology, media such as video games and cinema have transformed immensely in terms of how real they appear to their targeted audiences. New technology such as 3D cinema and D-Box enables audiences to be transported even further into the world of the film by creating a false sense of reality. By wearing 3D glasses and sitting in a stimulation chair, the cinema is able to allow the audience to be absorbed into the world of the film even further than ever before. These technological advances exhibit the power phenomenology has to intensify the experiences of watching a film or playing a game. Certain media are created to illuminate our phenomena by their transmission and the form that certain media take, â€Å"What we know of the world  (including cinematic representation) has to do with our experience of phenomena, that is, the way things appear to us. †(Casebier, 2009, p. 4) According to Husserl, knowledge â€Å"remains within experience† (Husserl, 2012, p. ), so all we know of cinema and videos games is merely a recreation of what we already know from our experiences. However it isn’t just cinema that does this, advancements in technology have enabled other media to do the same; 3D televisions and mobile phones are created for the same reason, to create a fabricated reality, a place where people can have all of the fun without any of the responsibility. Video games are created with a goal to make an interactive world which can be perceived similar to real life but without the consequences that comes with reality. Racing games are made with cars that look and sound more realistic to appeal to audiences, stimulation controllers to enable you to feel like you’re actually driving a car, but when you crash your car you’re able to start another race, when in reality there would be serious consequences. However, the question of truth and reality regarding technology can be argued against. Plato states that the representation of reality is not as clear as we may think it is. Plato states that â€Å"the quickest way is to take a mirror and turn it round in all directions, before long you will create suns and stars and earth† (Plato, 2006, p. 70). When he is told that this will only create reflections and not reality, Plato states that an artist would do the same with a paintbrush. This allegory shows that what’s real and what’s true is hard to determine because everything is a representation of the ultimate reality. Therefore the images created in technology such as video games and cinema can be seen as a construction or representation of an ultimate reality, what we perceive as real life experiences. As Husserl states â€Å"Natural knowledge begins with experience† (Husserl, 2012, p. ), it is from our experiences of real life that we’re able to even comprehend the constructed reality that is shown in media such as video games and cinema. However, being too involved in these types of simulated realities can be dangerous, they can distort our minds by making us confused between the difference of what’s true and what’s real. What is acceptable in a simulated video game such as Grand Theft Auto, such as beating people up, shooting people, stealing cars, woul d not be acceptable in real life. A distinction is needed in the mind between what is real and what is true. These experiences show the importance that phenomenology has in terms of understanding the impact media has on technology. Husserl states that human experiences are subjective, and this is true especially when referring to photography and the social impacts that certain media have on the world. Photographs are a special type of image, one that holds a subjective experience personal to the people who are in them and the people who took them. â€Å"It is not merely the likeness which is precious in such cases – but the association and the sense of nearness involved in the thing. (Sontag, 2001, p. 183) Instagram is a social networking app which allows users to upload pictures onto a database which is viewable by ‘followers’. Similar to social networking sites such as Facebook or Twitter, users can follow each other and comment on pictures that are uploaded. With the invention of such social applications personal photographs no longer serve as just memories or subjec tive images, they also serve as a way to exhibit your experiences to your social circle: your friends and family. The way we communicate and share with each other has been changed. No longer do photographs have to be developed and stuck in an album for everyone to see them, now you can upload a picture onto Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, or any similar social networking sites and it can be viewed by hundreds of people from your social circle at the same time. By sharing our experiences socially we’re able to project our experiences into the minds of others; â€Å"We behold the living experiences of others through the perception of their bodily behaviour† (Tymieniecka, 1983, p. 300). Even though pictures that are ploaded onto social networking sites are able to be sensed by others in terms of being able to see them, they will be not be aware of the meaning behind the pictures. The noumena of the pictures will be the meaning behind them; the memories and emotions that are attached with the image will not be visible to everyone who looks at it, only the people who have previous knowledge of the image will be able to have a deeper understanding of what it’s about. No matter how much you look at a photograph it will have different memories and connotations for each person who views it. The way we communicate with each other has changed in many others way than just photography. The impact media has on society is seen through the change in our communication with each other with tools such as Whatsapp and Skype. With the use of just a mobile phone you’re able to communicate with other people in so many different ways; We’re no longer limited to just calling or texting each other, now we’re able to video call, send pictures, on Facebook people are able to send each other virtual animals to each other; media has impacted the way we communicate so much so that the levels of communication are unlimited. Through doing so we’re expanding our experience of communicating with each other and therefore according to Husserl we’re expanding our knowledge of each other. The level of impact media has on communication is clear because through new methods of communication comes more information we have of each other. Phenomenology is important for understanding media and its impact on many aspects such as politics, society, and technology. Both Kant’s and Husserl’s analysis of phenomenology are vital branches of philosophical thought when thinking about the influence that media has. Through politics, media is able to hide certain aspects of the truth in order to manipulate the minds of the public. Kant’s theory of the phenomena and noumena is shown here as what the audience perceive as the truth is merely a part of it; the parts that are kept out are the noumena. What’s not perceivable by our immediate senses becomes independent of the mind. When it comes to technology, the impact that media has refers mainly to realism. The question of what is true and what is real comes into place. Media such as video games and cinema are able to create other worlds of reality in which people are absorbed into. Husserl states that it is through experience that knowledge is made, so media takes the experience that we have in the real world and build upon to create realities that are more idealistic to live in; Worlds in which people are free to do as they choose without any consequence. The only consequence of this is if people become so involved in these created worlds that they’re unable to distinguish between reality and constructed reality in the form of games or cinema. Through social issues it’s clear that phenomenology is an important issue in terms of how much of an impact media has. Social network sites enable people to share their experiences with their friends and family. Photographs no longer have to be shown to others in a physical album, now they’re visible all over the world. Husserl tells us that it is through others being and their bodily behaviour that we’re able to understand them. Therefore it’s clear that the impact that media has on society is the change of how we communicate with each other. By having new ways of talking to other people, there’s also new ways of understanding each other. Phenomenology shows that with a wider experience of communication, we’re gaining knowledge of whom and what we communicate with. Kant and Husserl both have different methods of analysis according to phenomenology, but ultimately they’re both concerned with the way the world appears to us and our subjective understanding of the world around us.

The Language of MIT :: Numbers School Education Communication Essays

The Language of MIT "I have 18.02 due at 4:00 P. M. on 11/14/00 in 16-135. Then I have to go to 8.01 in 26-100 at 5:00 P. M. and get at least a 65 on Exam 3. Do you remember the Athena cluster combination? Oh, yeah, it's 43169*." To an average person, this jargon sounds like a computer code or a series of misunderstandings. However, every MIT student has probably said and heard something like this to describe his or her schedule in a small part of the day. Numbers are the language at MIT, and they specify all sorts of places, classes, work, time, and even the students themselves. This powerful yet simple system of communication has completely engulfed this school and made organization much easier because of the clarity of numbers and the obscurity of language. Even before I considered applying to MIT, I thought of this school as a center of mathematics and science. Of course the name suggests this fact, but not until I visited the campus during the summer before my senior year of high school did I realize the truth of that statement. My visit began with directions to "Lobby 7" where I would meet with a tour guide. Coming from a high school where all the buildings were named and clearly labeled outside, I expected a giant number seven on the front edifice of a building to designate it from the others, but I had no such luck. Instead, I scanned the map of the campus several times before finding Building 7 on Massachusetts Avenue. I did not find this designation for the building anywhere outside until I went in and saw one of the doors inside surrounding the massive lobby. When my tour began, the guide led us through a myriad of identical halls and corridors until we finally went outside. She began to describe the numbering system across campus and explained that many of the buildings we walked through were distinguished on the outside only by numbers on the doors, which I had not understood quite yet. Then she listed some of the required freshman courses including multiple semesters of Calculus and the three main natural sciences. Following the tour was an information session for prospective students and their parents to ask questions about the admissions process.

Introduction for a Chemistry Essay

The average University student has many tasks to accomplish and much studying to do while combating the onslaught of sleep. Students at the University of the West Indies Mona are no different and recommended amongst themselves a highly rated and popular health supplement â€Å"Yeast-Vite† [8]. Yeast-Vite is a health supplement pill which helps people fight fatigue and improve alertness. The active ingredients in Yeast-Vite are caffeine, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3. The other ingredients are: dried yeast, lactose, powdered cloves, colouring E124, E104, E132, colloidal anhydrous silica, maize starch, and microcrystalline cellulose. [1] Yeast-Vite is a good energy supplier when taken according to the directions. The Manufacturer recommends taking 12 pills in a day [1] to eliminate fatigue and improve concentration. The â€Å"alert† effect can be attributed to Caffeine, a major compound that has been proven to stimulate the central nervous system, heart, muscles, and blood pressure control centres [2]. Each pill contains 50mg of Caffeine according to the label created by the manufacturer. The following structure represents that of caffeine. Though effective, research has shown that the intake of more than 300mg of Caffeine on a daily basis is harmful to the body. Symptoms such as caffeinism, insomnia, irritability, palpitations, Nervous symptoms, upset stomach etc. are experienced and consuming more than 500mg may cause death.[3] Theoretically, the recommended dosage of Yeast-Vite tablets daily can create such harm, since the suggested daily dosage of up to 12 tablets[1] adds up to 600mg –if caffeine content of 50mg per tablet holds true. A problem exists. The recommended daily dosage of Yeast-Vite contained too much caffeine for the human body. It was hypothesized that the caffeine concentration in Yeast-Vite pills could cause negative health effects and that the manufacturer’s idea of the caffeine content may be inaccurate. Three analytical chemistry students decided to test the hypothesis, and over a four week period, conducted the determination of the caffeine content of Yeast-Vite pills using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The researchers expected the actual caffeine content of pills to be 10mg more/less than 50mg of caffeine and also that Vitamins B1, B2 and B3 could cause significant interference. The analysis was conducted entirely as a group by dissolving pills in water, preparing calibration standards, and determining the concentration of caffeine in the pills via external calibration and standard addition (single spike). High performance liquid chromatography was chosen as the analytical method because caffeine did not fit the criteria for analysis by Gas Chromatography and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy i.e. caffeine’s volatility was negligible and it had no metal ions.

East Coast Yachts key Essay

1. Calculate all of the ratios listed in the industry table for East Coast Yachts Current ratio=CA/CL= 14,651,000/19,539,000=0.75 Quick Ratio=(CA-Inventory)/CL=(14651000-6136000)/19539000=0.44 Total assert turnover=Sales / Total Assets=167310000/108615000=1.54 Inventory turnover=Cost of Goods Sold / Inventory=117910000/6136000=19.22 Receivable turnover=Sales / Accounts Receivable=167310000/5473000=30.57 Debt ratio(TA-TE)/TA=(108615000-55341000)/108615000=0.49 Debt-equity ratio=TD/TE=33735000/55341000=0.61 Equity multiplier=TA/TE=108615000/55341000=1.96 Interest coverage=23496000/300900=7.96 Profit margin=Net Income / Sales=12562200/167310000=0.07 Return on asserts=Net Income / Total Assets=12562200/108615000=0.12 Return on equity=Net Income / Total Equity=12562200/55341000=0.23 2. Compare the performance of East Coast Yachts to the industry as a whole. For each ratio, comment on why it might be viewed as positive or negative relative to the industry. Suppose you create an inventory ratio calculated as inventory divided by current liabilities. How do you interpret this ratio? How does East Coast Yachts compare to the industry average? Current ratio is negative because CA smaller than CL Quick Ratio is positive because the ratio is bigger than the industry upper quartile ratio. Total assert turnover is positive the ratio because the ratio is bigger than the industry upper quartile ratio. Inventory turnover is positive because it is higher than the industry average. It represents that the company has a high sales based on its inventory. Receivable turnover is positive because it shows that the company can collect the sales faster. Debt ratio is positive because it shows that the company has a lower debt risk than the industry average. Debt-equity ratio is positive because it shows that the company is less aggressive using debt which means the company has relatively lower debt risk. Equity multiplier is negative because it shows that the company has a lower accounting return. Interest coverage= Profit margin is about the same with the industry average. Return on assets is positive because the profit per dollar of assets is higher than the industry average. Return on equity is positive because it shows that the company has better shareholder’s fare. Inventory Ratio= CL /Inventory =19539000/6136000=3.18 Inventory is negative It is still smaller than industry lower quartile It represents that the company has a low sales based on its inventory. 3. Calculate the sustainable growth rate of East Coast Yachts. Calculate external funds needed (EFN) and prepare pro forma income statements and balance sheets assuming growth at precisely this rate. Recalculate the ratios in the previous question. What do you observe? ROE=ni/te=125622000/55341000=0.23 B=re/ni=5024800/12562200=0.4 Sustainable Growth rate=ROE*b/1-roe*b=0.23*0.4/1-0.23*0.40=0.099 EFN= TA-(TL+E)=108615000*1.099-ï ¼Ë†19539000*1.099+3373500+55341000*1.1099ï ¼â€°=3166002 All Current ratio=CA/CL= 14,651,000*1.09/19,539,000*1.09=0.75 QuickRatio=(CA-Inventory)/CL=(14651000*1.09-6136000*1.09)/19539000*1.09=0.44 Total assert turnover=Sales / Total Assets=167310000*1.09/108615000*1.09=1.54 Inventory turnover=Cost of Goods Sold / Inventory=117910000*1.09/6136000*1.09=19.22 Receivable turnover=Sales / Accounts Receivable=167310000*1.09/5473000*1.09=30.57 Debt ratio(TA-TE)/TA=(108615000-55341000*1.09)/108615000*1.09=0.49 Debt-equity ratio=TD/TE=33735000*1.09/55341000*1.09=0.61 Equity multiplier=TA/TE=108615000*1.09/55341000*1.09=1.96 Interest coverage=23496000*1.09/300900*1.09=8.93 Profit margin=Net Income / Sales=12562200*1.09/167310000*1.09=0.07 Return on asserts=Net Income / Total Assets=12562200*1.09/108615000*1.09=0.12 Return on equity=Net Income / Total Equity=12562200*1.09/55341000*1.09=0.23 Only interest coverage changed. 4As a practical matter, East Coast Yachts is unlikely to be willing to raise external equity capital, in part because the owners don’t want to dilute their existing ownership and control positions. However, East Coast Yachts is planning for a growth rate of 20 percent next year. What are your conclusions and recommendations about the feasibility of East Coast’s expansion plans? EFN= TA-(TL+E)=108615000*1.2-ï ¼Ë†19539000*1.2+3373500+55341000*1.2ï ¼â€°=8753040 5. Most assets can be increased as a percentage of sales. For instance, cash can be increased by any amount. However, fixed assets often must be increased in specific amounts because it is impossible, as a practical matter, to buy part of a new plant or machine. In this case a company has a â€Å"staircase† or â€Å"lumpy† fixed cost structure. Assume that East Coast Yachts is currently producing at 100 percent Of capacity. As a result, to expand production, the company must set up an entirely new line at a cost of $30 million. Calculate the new EFN with this assumption. What does this imply about capacity utilization for East Coast Yachts next year? Depreciation percentage= $5,460,000 / $93,964,000= .0581 Pro forma depreciation=0.581*123964000=7203221 EFN= TA-(TL+E)=108615000*1.2+3000000 -ï ¼Ë†19539000*1.2+3373500+55341000*1.2=23004405 The fixed assets have increased faster than sales, so the capacity utilization for next year will decrease.

Liquid Definition in Chemistry

Liquid Definition in Chemistry Liquid Definition AÂ  liquid is one of the states of matter. The particles in a liquid are free to flow, so while a liquid has a definite volume, it does not have a definite shape. Liquids consist of atoms or molecules that are connected by intermolecular bonds. Examples of Liquids At room temperature, examples of liquids include water, mercury, vegetable oil, ethanol. Mercury is the only metallic element that is a liquid at room temperature, although francium, cesium, gallium, and rubidium liquefy at slightly elevated temperatures. Aside from mercury, the only liquid element at room temperature is bromine. The most abundant liquid on Earth is water. Properties of Liquids While the chemical composition of liquids may be very different from each other, the state of matter is characterized by certain properties: Liquids are nearly incompressible fluids. In other words, even under pressure, their value only decreases slightly.The density of a liquid is affected by pressure, but generally, the change in density is small. The density of a liquid sample is fairly constant throughout. The density of a liquid is higher than that of its gas and usually lower than that of its solid form.Liquids, like gases, take the shape of their container. However, a liquid cannot disperse to fill a container (which is a property of a gas).Liquids have surface tension, which leads to wetting.Although liquids are common on Earth, this state of matter is relatively rare in the universe because liquids only exist over a narrow temperature and pressure range. Most matter consists of gases and plasma.Particles in a liquid have greater freedom of movement than in a solid.When two liquids are placed into the same container, they may either mix (be miscible) or not (be immiscible). Examples of two miscible liquids are wat er and ethanol. Oil and water are immiscible liquids.